Friday 8 January 2016

Successful Steps to Good Essay Writing

Often students try to avoid essay writing in their normal study course. However, they forget that essay writing is the most important part of the curriculum. Today due to competition there is a high expectation from students. With the burden of academic subjects, students often become careless about essay writing. They do not get enough time to think about developing a good essay writing skill.
However, with the advent of technology, things have become quite easy for students. The online essay writing services educate the students how to write a good essay.
Consider these simple steps and become a professional essay writer:
1. Consider essay as a process and not a task bounded with deadlines. You have to consider reading, thinking, planning and organizing your thoughts. You have to understand the topic and study about the topic. Primary research is very important before drafting your thoughts. Once you are finished with research process, start thinking creatively about the topic and make notes or pointers, which will help you during documentation process.
2. The blank screen or paper in front of you while drafting essay is the most difficult part of the process. You must sketch out a plan before writing. Once you have written down your points, start assembling these points. Give each point a logical heading; this will help you to elaborate your points. These will later develop into paragraphs of your essay.
The most important subheads will include:
An introduction, which will explain the sources of your study
Main body, which is an analysis of your topic. It will include the opinions, comments and findings. You can quote about some scientific research or media studies.
Conclusion is where you force the reader to accept your points. You can conclude with quotes or even end with a question that will boggle reader's mind.
All these points will give you an outline to your essay writing. Do not stick to one point. This makes the reader disinterested in your writing.
3. Your correct English is the most compelling part of essay writing. Use simple but correct English. Your essay may not be flowery in writing but must have substance in the subject. If it is argumentative, you must collect enough data to make it genuine. To improve on these points you must read many editorial sections from magazines or newspapers.
4. Try to make a rough draft of your essay before submission. You must read it aloud and look for any changes if required. If your essay is long or it is a dissertation, you must prepare small drafts of paragraphs and then try to focus on each paragraph. Try to make pointers on these paragraphs, which will help you during the assembly of all paragraphs. Do not lose track of your point or argument. In case if you are lost, refer to points.
5. Essays are small samples of knowledge. You cannot elaborate on an endless discussion. You must give it a strong voice and back up with supportive arguments and discussions. The essay must invoke reader's thought process. Keep everything in moderation. Do not lose your focus.
Essay is an array of thoughts and ideas. Right alignment of thought process with strong command over English develops a person from good essay writer to professional essay writer.
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Academic Paper

Successful Steps to Good Essay Writing

Often students try to avoid essay writing in their normal study course. However, they forget that essay writing is the most important part of the curriculum. Today due to competition there is a high expectation from students. With the burden of academic subjects, students often become careless about essay writing. They do not get enough time to think about developing a good essay writing skill.
However, with the advent of technology, things have become quite easy for students. The online essay writing services educate the students how to write a good essay.
Consider these simple steps and become a professional essay writer:
1. Consider essay as a process and not a task bounded with deadlines. You have to consider reading, thinking, planning and organizing your thoughts. You have to understand the topic and study about the topic. Primary research is very important before drafting your thoughts. Once you are finished with research process, start thinking creatively about the topic and make notes or pointers, which will help you during documentation process.
2. The blank screen or paper in front of you while drafting essay is the most difficult part of the process. You must sketch out a plan before writing. Once you have written down your points, start assembling these points. Give each point a logical heading; this will help you to elaborate your points. These will later develop into paragraphs of your essay.
The most important subheads will include:
An introduction, which will explain the sources of your study
Main body, which is an analysis of your topic. It will include the opinions, comments and findings. You can quote about some scientific research or media studies.
Conclusion is where you force the reader to accept your points. You can conclude with quotes or even end with a question that will boggle reader's mind.
All these points will give you an outline to your essay writing. Do not stick to one point. This makes the reader disinterested in your writing.
3. Your correct English is the most compelling part of essay writing. Use simple but correct English. Your essay may not be flowery in writing but must have substance in the subject. If it is argumentative, you must collect enough data to make it genuine. To improve on these points you must read many editorial sections from magazines or newspapers.
4. Try to make a rough draft of your essay before submission. You must read it aloud and look for any changes if required. If your essay is long or it is a dissertation, you must prepare small drafts of paragraphs and then try to focus on each paragraph. Try to make pointers on these paragraphs, which will help you during the assembly of all paragraphs. Do not lose track of your point or argument. In case if you are lost, refer to points.
5. Essays are small samples of knowledge. You cannot elaborate on an endless discussion. You must give it a strong voice and back up with supportive arguments and discussions. The essay must invoke reader's thought process. Keep everything in moderation. Do not lose your focus.
Essay is an array of thoughts and ideas. Right alignment of thought process with strong command over English develops a person from good essay writer to professional essay writer.
Buy Sample Essays
Academic Paper

Three Keys For Writing the Best Possible College Admissions Essay

College admissions officers consistently rank the personal essay as one of the most important factors in their decision to admit or reject students. It's one of the few parts of the application in which an applicant represents herself or himself not in dry statistics, but in her or his own words and ideas. A well-written personal essay transforms a student from a package of information into a real person for the committee, whose essential job it is to stand in judgment. No matter how smart and successful a student you have been, if you don't write a personal essay that quickly and effectively reveals you to be passionate, intellectually curious, and a person of strong character, you won't be asked to become a member of the university community. So, as you write your personal essay, consider these tips:
1. Think about your audience and write for them. Who are they? What is their task? Under what conditions are they reading your essay? College admissions officers read thousands of essays from hopeful applicants. And they read them over the course of a few short weeks, often according to a set of criteria that have not been made public and that are designed to reduce the pile of applications in front of them to manageable size. With a maximum of 1000 words and no more than a minute or two to create an impression, you have to make the reader's job easy and interesting and give them reason to spend more time reviewing your application. Your writing must be clean, clear, well-organized, and easy-to-read. What's more, the content of the essay must be original, compelling, meaningful, and distinctive. And, because your readers need to assess your analytical and intellectual skills, your personal essay must display the rhetorical markers of a highly-skilled thinker and communicator.
2. The personal essay turns you into a real person for the admissions committee. The person you represent yourself to be in your essay must be authentically you. But that doesn't mean it should be your deepest, most intimate, inner-most self. You're applying to become a member of a pretty special and exclusive kind of community. One, like any other community, that seeks to perpetuate its most important values. Present the wrong you to the college or university community and you'll be rejected.
Instead, work hard to display essential personal qualities that are most relevant to the diverse missions of the college or university to which you are applying. Remember that universities and colleges are first and foremost institutions dedicated to the life of the mind. Words and ideas are passionately real at the university and are deeply integrated into the daily life of the people who live and work there. So any personal experience or ambition that you describe in your essay must become fodder for purposeful reflection that is of interest and use to university folk. You'll need to explain what your experience or ambition should mean to someone committed to an intellectual approach to life.
3. The personal essay is a writing genre, which means that its readers have concrete expectations of what should and should not be included in it. Ask those of your friends who have gotten great packages from the schools you want to attend to see their personal essays. Write or call the admissions department of your target schools to see if they have samples available. Use the internet to find successful samples. Prof. Allen Grove's website is a reputable place to start. He not only provides strong sample essays but explanations of how and why they work.
Once you've found great samples, study them carefully to learn how to build an essay that makes all the right moves, while signaling your originality and distinctiveness. Remember, even very proficient professional writers struggle as they learn to write in a new genre to a new audience. You may need to try (and fail) several times before you figure out how to write a truly great and authentic personal essay, one that will set you apart from the thousands of your competitors.
Dr. Eric Drown has helped students succeed at The George Washington University, UCLA, the University of Minnesota, and other great schools.
For more help writing your personal essay, call or write CaMDEN College Support Services. We offer a variety of quality programs-from reviewing and editing to start-to-finish personal essay coaching services-that will ensure that you give yourself the best chance possible of getting into the college of your dreams.
College admissions officers consistently rank the personal essay as one of the most important factors in their decision to admit or reject students. It's one of the few parts of the application in which an applicant represents herself or himself not in dry statistics, but in her or his own words and ideas. A well-written personal essay transforms a student from a package of information into a real person for the committee, whose essential job it is to stand in judgment. No matter how smart and successful a student you have been, if you don't write a personal essay that quickly and effectively reveals you to be passionate, intellectually curious, and a person of strong character, you won't be asked to become a member of the university community. So, as you write your personal essay, consider these tips:
1. Think about your audience and write for them. Who are they? What is their task? Under what conditions are they reading your essay? College admissions officers read thousands of essays from hopeful applicants. And they read them over the course of a few short weeks, often according to a set of criteria that have not been made public and that are designed to reduce the pile of applications in front of them to manageable size. With a maximum of 1000 words and no more than a minute or two to create an impression, you have to make the reader's job easy and interesting and give them reason to spend more time reviewing your application. Your writing must be clean, clear, well-organized, and easy-to-read. What's more, the content of the essay must be original, compelling, meaningful, and distinctive. And, because your readers need to assess your analytical and intellectual skills, your personal essay must display the rhetorical markers of a highly-skilled thinker and communicator.
2. The personal essay turns you into a real person for the admissions committee. The person you represent yourself to be in your essay must be authentically you. But that doesn't mean it should be your deepest, most intimate, inner-most self. You're applying to become a member of a pretty special and exclusive kind of community. One, like any other community, that seeks to perpetuate its most important values. Present the wrong you to the college or university community and you'll be rejected.
Instead, work hard to display essential personal qualities that are most relevant to the diverse missions of the college or university to which you are applying. Remember that universities and colleges are first and foremost institutions dedicated to the life of the mind. Words and ideas are passionately real at the university and are deeply integrated into the daily life of the people who live and work there. So any personal experience or ambition that you describe in your essay must become fodder for purposeful reflection that is of interest and use to university folk. You'll need to explain what your experience or ambition should mean to someone committed to an intellectual approach to life.
3. The personal essay is a writing genre, which means that its readers have concrete expectations of what should and should not be included in it. Ask those of your friends who have gotten great packages from the schools you want to attend to see their personal essays. Write or call the admissions department of your target schools to see if they have samples available. Use the internet to find successful samples. Prof. Allen Grove's website is a reputable place to start. He not only provides strong sample essays but explanations of how and why they work.
Once you've found great samples, study them carefully to learn how to build an essay that makes all the right moves, while signaling your originality and distinctiveness. Remember, even very proficient professional writers struggle as they learn to write in a new genre to a new audience. You may need to try (and fail) several times before you figure out how to write a truly great and authentic personal essay, one that will set you apart from the thousands of your competitors.
Dr. Eric Drown has helped students succeed at The George Washington University, UCLA, the University of Minnesota, and other great schools.
For more help writing your personal essay, call or write CaMDEN College Support Services. We offer a variety of quality programs-from reviewing and editing to start-to-finish personal essay coaching services-that will ensure that you give yourself the best chance possible of getting into the college of your dreams.
College admissions officers consistently rank the personal essay as one of the most important factors in their decision to admit or reject students. It's one of the few parts of the application in which an applicant represents herself or himself not in dry statistics, but in her or his own words and ideas. A well-written personal essay transforms a student from a package of information into a real person for the committee, whose essential job it is to stand in judgment. No matter how smart and successful a student you have been, if you don't write a personal essay that quickly and effectively reveals you to be passionate, intellectually curious, and a person of strong character, you won't be asked to become a member of the university community. So, as you write your personal essay, consider these tips:
1. Think about your audience and write for them. Who are they? What is their task? Under what conditions are they reading your essay? College admissions officers read thousands of essays from hopeful applicants. And they read them over the course of a few short weeks, often according to a set of criteria that have not been made public and that are designed to reduce the pile of applications in front of them to manageable size. With a maximum of 1000 words and no more than a minute or two to create an impression, you have to make the reader's job easy and interesting and give them reason to spend more time reviewing your application. Your writing must be clean, clear, well-organized, and easy-to-read. What's more, the content of the essay must be original, compelling, meaningful, and distinctive. And, because your readers need to assess your analytical and intellectual skills, your personal essay must display the rhetorical markers of a highly-skilled thinker and communicator.
2. The personal essay turns you into a real person for the admissions committee. The person you represent yourself to be in your essay must be authentically you. But that doesn't mean it should be your deepest, most intimate, inner-most self. You're applying to become a member of a pretty special and exclusive kind of community. One, like any other community, that seeks to perpetuate its most important values. Present the wrong you to the college or university community and you'll be rejected.
Instead, work hard to display essential personal qualities that are most relevant to the diverse missions of the college or university to which you are applying. Remember that universities and colleges are first and foremost institutions dedicated to the life of the mind. Words and ideas are passionately real at the university and are deeply integrated into the daily life of the people who live and work there. So any personal experience or ambition that you describe in your essay must become fodder for purposeful reflection that is of interest and use to university folk. You'll need to explain what your experience or ambition should mean to someone committed to an intellectual approach to life.
3. The personal essay is a writing genre, which means that its readers have concrete expectations of what should and should not be included in it. Ask those of your friends who have gotten great packages from the schools you want to attend to see their personal essays. Write or call the admissions department of your target schools to see if they have samples available. Use the internet to find successful samples. Prof. Allen Grove's website is a reputable place to start. He not only provides strong sample essays but explanations of how and why they work.
Once you've found great samples, study them carefully to learn how to build an essay that makes all the right moves, while signaling your originality and distinctiveness. Remember, even very proficient professional writers struggle as they learn to write in a new genre to a new audience. You may need to try (and fail) several times before you figure out how to write a truly great and authentic personal essay, one that will set you apart from the thousands of your competitors.
Dr. Eric Drown has helped students succeed at The George Washington University, UCLA, the University of Minnesota, and other great schools.
For more help writing your personal essay, call or write CaMDEN College Support Services. We offer a variety of quality programs-from reviewing and editing to start-to-finish personal essay coaching services-that will ensure that you give yourself the best chance possible of getting into the college of your dreams.
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Downplaying Bad Grades Through Sample College Application Essays

There are some universities and colleges that don't give as much weight on grades and SAT scores in their application requirements. But that doesn't give you license not to care about your academic records, particularly your grades? Since the competition for your chosen college can be tough, bad grades can be the one that will close the door on your college application. That's why you need to address these bad grades in your admission essay. You have several ways in which you can lessen the impact of these bad grades on your application. For example, you can look at sample college application essays by people who have bad grades but still got accepted into their chosen courses and colleges. Though particular situations would differ, there are general methods on how you can mitigate the possible effects of these bad grades.
Admission essay tips
One tip is to look for justification for your bad grades. The word here is justification, not excuses. Whining about how boring or unfair your teacher is just won't do. You need to look for acceptable reasons as to why you got the scores that you have. You may use lack of interest as a reason, so long as you can justify it, such as developing more interest and devotion to another skill or subject. You may say that English is your poor subject, but you're an expert at Math and Science. Or, you may not have a particular subject your exceptional at, but you have a lot of interests and experiences in machinery or metalworks. That can work. The essential thing is to show that even if you don't excel in academics, you do excel in other things.
Another tip is to just downplay the bad grades through your college admission essay. You can show in your essay your passion, your personality, and how it can relate to the course and college that you're applying for. There are cases wherein people with average grades but with good admission essays have passed the selection process. Admission officials have feelings too, and there is a chance that you can win them over through your willingness to learn and determination. You can find good sample college application essays that used this approach. Though it may seem like a Hail Mary pass, it does work. The only thing is, this would be a bit difficult to pull off.
Bad grades may be bad for your college application, but they're not the only determinants for the success of your college admission. So use whatever means you have available to lessen the impact of these grades. One of your best weapons is your admission essay. By focusing on the good things and giving the right justifications, you greatly improve your chances of admission. Plus, there are sample college application essays that can help you do that. Now, it's just a matter of writing the right things to convince admission officials that you are worth their pick.

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Globalisation And Primary Education Development In Tanzania: Prospects And Challenges

1. Overview of the Country and Primary Education System:
Tanzania covers 945,000 square kilometres, including approximately 60,000 square kilometres of inland water. The population is about 32 million people with an average annual growth rate of 2.8 percent per year. Females comprise 51% of the total population. The majority of the population resides on the Mainland, while the rest of the population resides in Zanzibar. The life expectancy is 50 years and the mortality rate is 8.8%. The economy depends upon Agriculture, Tourism, Manufacturing, Mining and Fishing. Agriculture contributes about 50% of GDP and accounting for about two-thirds of Tanzania's exports. Tourism contributes 15.8%; and manufacturing, 8.1% and mining, 1.7%. The school system is a 2-7-4-2-3+ consisting of pre-primary, primary school, ordinary level secondary education, Advanced level secondary, Technical and Higher Education. Primary School Education is compulsory whereby parents are supposed to take their children to school for enrollment. The medium of instruction in primary is Kiswahili.
One of the key objectives of the first president J.K. Nyerere was development strategy for Tanzania as reflected in the 1967 Arusha Declaration, which to be ensuring that basic social services were available equitably to all members of society. In the education sector, this goal was translated into the 1974 Universal Primary Education Movement, whose goal was to make primary education universally available, compulsory, and provided free of cost to users to ensure it reached the poorest. As the strategy was implemented, large-scale increases in the numbers of primary schools and teachers were brought about through campaign-style programs with the help of donor financing. By the beginning of the 1980s, each village in Tanzania had a primary school and gross primary school enrollment reached nearly 100 percent, although the quality of education provided was not very high. From 1996 the education sector proceeded through the launch and operation of Primary Education Development Plan - PEDP in 2001 to date.
2. Globalization
To different scholars, the definition of globalization may be different. According to Cheng (2000), it may refer to the transfer, adaptation, and development of values, knowledge, technology, and behavioral norms across countries and societies in different parts of the world. The typical phenomena and characteristics associated with globalization include growth of global networking (e.g. internet, world wide e-communication, and transportation), global transfer and interflow in technological, economic, social, political, cultural, and learning areas, international alliances and competitions, international collaboration and exchange, global village, multi-cultural integration, and use of international standards and benchmarks. See also Makule (2008) and MoEC (2000).
3. Globalization in Education
In education discipline globalization can mean the same as the above meanings as is concern, but most specifically all the key words directed in education matters. Dimmock & Walker (2005) argue that in a globalizing and internalizing world, it is not only business and industry that are changing, education, too, is caught up in that new order. This situation provides each nation a new empirical challenge of how to respond to this new order. Since this responsibility is within a national and that there is inequality in terms of economic level and perhaps in cultural variations in the world, globalization seems to affect others positively and the vice versa (Bush 2005). In most of developing countries, these forces come as imposing forces from the outside and are implemented unquestionably because they do not have enough resource to ensure its implementation (Arnove 2003; Crossley & Watson, 2004).
There is misinterpretation that globalization has no much impact on education because the traditional ways of delivering education is still persisting within a national state. But, it has been observed that while globalization continues to restructure the world economy, there are also powerful ideological packages that reshape education system in different ways (Carnoy, 1999; Carnoy & Rhoten, 2002). While others seem to increase access, equity and quality in education, others affect the nature of educational management. Bush (2005) and Lauglo (1997) observe that decentralization of education is one of the global trends in the world which enable to reform educational leadership and management at different levels. They also argue that Decentralization forces help different level of educational management to have power of decision making related to the allocation of resources. Carnoy (1999) further portrays that the global ideologies and economic changes are increasingly intertwined in the international institutions that broadcast particular strategies for educational change. These include western governments, multilateral and bilateral development agencies and NGOs (Crossley & Watson 2004). Also these agencies are the ones which develop global policies and transfer them through funds, conferences and other means. Certainly, with these powerful forces education reforms and to be more specifically, the current reforms on school leadership to a large extent are influenced by globalization.
4. The School Leadership
In Tanzania the leadership and management of education systems and processes is increasingly seen as one area where improvement can and need to be made in order to ensure that education is delivered not only efficiently but also efficaciously. Although literatures for education leadership in Tanzania are inadequate, Komba in EdQual (2006) pointed out that research in various aspects of leadership and management of education, such as the structures and delivery stems of education; financing and alternative sources of support to education; preparation, nurturing and professional development of education leaders; the role of female educational leaders in improvement of educational quality; as will as the link between education and poverty eradication, are deemed necessary in approaching issues of educational quality in any sense and at any level. The nature of out of school factors that may render support to the quality of education e.g. traditional leadership institutions may also need to be looked into.
5. Impact of Globalization
As mentioned above, globalization is creating numerous opportunities for sharing knowledge, technology, social values, and behavioral norms and promoting developments at different levels including individuals, organizations, communities, and societies across different countries and cultures. Cheng (2000); Brown, (1999); Waters, (1995) pointed out the advantages of globalization as follows: Firstly it enable global sharing of knowledge, skills, and intellectual assets that are necessary to multiple developments at different levels. The second is the mutual support, supplement and benefit to produce synergy for various developments of countries, communities, and individuals. The third positive impact is creation of values and enhancing efficiency through the above global sharing and mutual support to serving local needs and growth. The fourth is the promotion of international understanding, collaboration, harmony and acceptance to cultural diversity across countries and regions. The fifth is facilitating multi-way communications and interactions, and encouraging multi-cultural contributions at different levels among countries.
The potential negative impacts of globalization are educationally concerned in various types of political, economic, and cultural colonization and overwhelming influences of advanced countries to developing countries and rapidly increasing gaps between rich areas and poor areas in different parts of the world. The first impact is increasing the technological gaps and digital divides between advanced countries and less developed countries that are hindering equal opportunities for fair global sharing. The second is creation of more legitimate opportunities for a few advanced countries to economically and politically colonize other countries globally. Thirdly is exploitation of local resources which destroy indigenous cultures of less advanced countries to benefit a few advanced countries. Fourthly is the increase of inequalities and conflicts between areas and cultures. And fifthly is the promotion of the dominant cultures and values of some advanced areas and accelerating cultural transplant from advanced areas to less developed areas.
The management and control of the impacts of globalization are related to some complicated macro and international issues that may be far beyond the scope of which I did not include in this paper. Cheng (2002) pointed out that in general, many people believe, education is one of key local factors that can be used to moderate some impacts of globalization from negative to positive and convert threats into opportunities for the development of individuals and local community in the inevitable process of globalization. How to maximize the positive effects but minimize the negative impacts of globalization is a major concern in current educational reform for national and local developments.
6. Globalization of Education and Multiple Theories
The thought of writing this paper was influenced by the multiple theories propounded by Yin Cheng, (2002). He proposed a typology of multiple theories that can be used to conceptualize and practice fostering local knowledge in globalization particularly through globalized education. These theories of fostering local knowledge is proposed to address this key concern, namely as the theory of tree, theory of crystal, theory of birdcage, theory of DNA, theory of fungus, and theory of amoeba. Their implications for design of curriculum and instruction and their expected educational outcomes in globalized education are correspondingly different.
The theory of tree assumes that the process of fostering local knowledge should have its roots in local values and traditions but absorb external useful and relevant resources from the global knowledge system to grow the whole local knowledge system inwards and outwards. The expected outcome in globalized education will be to develop a local person with international outlook, who will act locally and develop globally. The strength of this theory is that the local community can maintain and even further develop its traditional values and cultural identity as it grows and interacts with the input of external resources and energy in accumulating local knowledge for local developments.
The theory of crystal is the key of the fostering process to have "local seeds" to crystallize and accumulate the global knowledge along a given local expectation and demand. Therefore, fostering local knowledge is to accumulate global knowledge around some "local seeds" that may be to exist local demands and values to be fulfilled in these years. According to this theory, the design of curriculum and instruction is to identify the core local needs and values as the fundamental seeds to accumulate those relevant global knowledge and resources for education. The expected educational outcome is to develop a local person who remains a local person with some global knowledge and can act locally and think locally with increasing global techniques. With local seeds to crystallize the global knowledge, there will be no conflict between local needs and the external knowledge to be absorbed and accumulated in the development of local community and individuals.
The theory of birdcage is about how to avoid the overwhelming and dominating global influences on the nation or local community. This theory contends that the process of fostering local knowledge can be open for incoming global knowledge and resources but at the same time efforts should be made to limit or converge the local developments and related interactions with the outside world to a fixed framework. In globalized education, it is necessary to set up a framework with clear ideological boundaries and social norms for curriculum design such that all educational activities can have a clear local focus when benefiting from the exposure of wide global knowledge and inputs. The expected educational outcome is to develop a local person with bounded global outlook, who can act locally with filtered global knowledge. The theory can help to ensure local relevance in globalized education and avoid any loss of local identity and concerns during globalization or international exposure.
The theory of DNA represents numerous initiatives and reforms have made to remove dysfunctional local traditions and structures in country of periphery and replace them with new ideas borrowed from core countries. This theory emphasizes on identifying and transplanting the better key elements from the global knowledge to replace the existing weaker local components in the local developments. In globalizing education, the curriculum design should be very selective to both local and global knowledge with aims to choose the best elements from them. The expected educational outcome is to develop a person with locally and globally mixed elements, who can act and think with mixed local and global knowledge. The strength of this theory is its openness for any rational investigation and transplant of valid knowledge and elements without any local barrier or cultural burden. It can provide an efficient way to learn and improve the existing local practices and developments.
The theory of fungus reflects the mode of fostering local knowledge in globalization. This theory assumes that it is a faster and easier way to digest and absorb certain relevant types of global knowledge for nutrition of individual and local developments, than to create their own local knowledge from the beginning. From this theory, the curriculum and instruction should aim at enabling students to identify and learn what global knowledge is valuable and necessary to their own developments as well as significant to the local community. In globalizing education, the design of education activities should aim at digesting the complex global knowledge into appropriate forms that can feed the needs of individuals and their growth. The expected educational outcome is to develop a person equipped certain types of global knowledge, who can act and think dependently of relevant global knowledge and wisdom. Strengths of the theory is for some small countries, easily digest and absorb the useful elements of global knowledge than to produce their own local knowledge from the beginning. The roots for growth and development are based on the global knowledge instead of local culture or value.
The theory of amoeba is about the adaptation to the fasting changing global environment and the economic survival in serious international competitions. This theory considers that fostering local knowledge is only a process to fully use and accumulate global knowledge in the local context. Whether the accumulated knowledge is really local or the local values can be preserved is not a major concern. According to this theory, the curriculum design should include the full range of global perspectives and knowledge to totally globalize education in order to maximize the benefit from global knowledge and become more adaptive to changing environment. Therefore, to achieve broad international outlook and apply global knowledge locally and globally is crucial in education. And, cultural burdens and local values can be minimized in the design of curriculum and instruction in order to let students be totally open for global learning. The expected educational outcome is to develop a flexible and open person without any local identity, who can act and think globally and fluidly. The strengths of this theory are also its limitations particularly in some culturally fruit countries. There will be potential loss of local values and cultural identity in the country and the local community will potentially lose its direction and social solidarity during overwhelming globalization.
Each country or local community may have its unique social, economic and cultural contexts and therefore, its tendency to using one theory or a combination of theories from the typology in globalized education may be different from the other. To a great extent, it is difficult to say one is better than other even though the theories of tree, birdcage and crystal may be more preferred in some culturally rich countries. For those countries with less cultural assets or local values, the theories of amoeba and fungus may be an appropriate choice for development. However, this typology can provide a wide spectrum of alternatives for policy-makers and educators to conceptualize and formulate their strategies and practices in fostering local knowledge for the local developments. See more about the theories in Cheng (2002; 11-18)
7. Education Progress since Independence in Tanzania
During the first phase of Tanzania political governance (1961-1985) the Arusha Declaration, focusing on "Ujamaa" (African socialism) and self-reliance was the major philosophy. The nationalization of the production and provision of goods and services by the state and the dominance of ruling party in community mobilization and participation highlighted the "Ujamaa" ideology, which dominated most of the 1967-1985 eras. In early 1970s, the first phase government embarked on an enormous national campaign for universal access to primary education, of all children of school going age. It was resolved that the nation should have attained universal primary education by 1977. The ruling party by that time Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), under the leadership of the former and first president of Tanzania Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, directed the government to put in place mechanisms for ensuring that the directive, commonly known as the Musoma Resolution, was implemented. The argument behind that move was essentially that, as much as education was a right to each and every citizen, a government that is committed to the development of an egalitarian socialist society cannot segregate and discriminate her people in the provision of education, especially at the basic level.
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The Importance of Christian Education in Today's World

Christianity has been of the greatest importance to the USA since the time when the first settlers stepped on the Plymouth Rock. Ever since the USA has upheld the Christian values teaching them as mandatory in schools and even conducting witch hunts. At present the church is separated from the State to assure the normal functioning of other religions, while being no longer mandatory, but rather optional for studying. In the following essay I am going to speak about the Christian education as always being the option for the citizens of the USA and to explain the importance of Christian education and the role it plays in our society.
Christianity has constantly played a great role in human education in Europe as well as in the USA. The first schools in both Europe were Catholic that taught high moral standards and compliance with the God's rules. After the Protestant reformation, the role of Catholicism was drastically reduced. When the first settlers arrived to the USA, the religion they were teaching in schools was Protestantism. Christianity educated people in schools while placing certain limits on the human development. Unlike Catholic and Orthodox churches that highly believed in God's dominance and written scrutiny and therefore rejected various sciences that are anti-religious (genetic engineering, nuclear sciences, etc.), protestant churches considered good deeds and helpful behavior to be of the ultimate importance to God. Protestant churches believed that God created any sciences possible; therefore it was a human duty to study as much as possible as well as proclaiming God and expressing God in all human achievements.
Christianity if taught at schools leaves a great stigma on the students. The statistics say that students who study Christianity and Christian values at school are much less likely to engage in illegal activities such as underage drinking, promiscuous sex, and carrying arms. In US schools from all students who engage in the illegal activities only 12% of them are students studying Christianity or are engaged in Christian schools.
On a more personal level I believe that Christian education is of great importance to the whole country. Students in their teens are only forming their future character and certainly need various people to take example from. It is no wonder that in poor schools and in what we call bad neighborhoods, the crime rates are much higher--children that grow up in violent environment are in my opinion are going to be violent. It is a common fact that boys that grew up in families where fathers beat up their wives are more likely to also beat up their future spouses like their fathers. All these examples indeed show us the importance of education in the early years of human life and make us understand that education should be of great value to the society. Christianity on the other hand discourages arms, sex before marriage, as well as drinking. When exposed to Christian morals, students are more likely to develop personal attitude that would allow them to resist the peer pressure, engage in profound studying and strong desire for excellence. This shows the important role of domestic security that the Christian education provides for the society that promulgates Christianity in schools.
At the same time, Christianity being only optional provides the necessary freedoms to students of other religions, or even atheists who do not want to be influenced by the religious thought. The freedom or choice, makes the Christian teachers compete for the students and therefore not to abuse the Christian moral as it happens in areas of the world where Christianity is dominant (e.g. in Serbia and Horvatia Christianity prompted the people to eradicate the Muslims from the Christian land).
In conclusion I would like to say that the Christian educational option in fact provides a wonderful complementary material to students in the USA. The statistics that show reduction in violence, loose behavior or engagement in illegal activities corroborate the practical importance of Christian education, while the separation of church and state assures that no single religious leader can take control of the political life in the USA. The role of being the crime reducer that the Christian education represents the true need of such education in the society.
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Developing Outline For Essay Writing

A strong outline makes a meaningful original essay. Developing outline for essay writing makes a student write his essay faster and efficiently. It is the major part of the prewriting process of an essay. The time you spend to develop an outline for essay writing can be saved when you actually write the essay. An essay outline is a list of all required information that you plan to include in your essay and it doesn't necessarily rule out any points that you feel unnecessary at the time of preparing your outline for an essay. Preparing an outline helps you order your information to support the thesis statement most effectively.
Since writing an outline can sometimes be tedious job because this is where you actually start thinking about your essay seriously. Following some basic guideline can be of help here. Your essay combines three major parts, the introduction, the body and the conclusion. Let's look how you can prepare an outline for your introduction, you need to state the thesis statement and two to three major points. When preparing outline for introduction get the most important points to be included here so that you can generate the curiosity in the reader and get his attention. When you develop outline for the body of your essay, it should have points specified depending on the length and requirements of your essay. You should identify points that support the thesis statement of your essay. Each point should then be noted to explain when you actually write your essay. You should also find suitable examples that clearly explain your point. You can find more than one example for each point as you can choose the most suitable ones when you are finally writing it. Other than examples you should also collect facts and quotations that prove your major supporting points. You should also plan and outline how to show the point is relevant to your thesis statement. Depending on the requirement of your essay there should be points ranging from three to unlimited and each point should be given all the above mentioned supporting factors like examples and relevance proving statements. The conclusion should also be included in the prewriting process. You conclusion should tie points together to prove your thesis statement and it important not to include any new ideas in the conclusion. Another major pre-writing requirement is the formation of transition statements from one point to another. When you outline your essay, you should spend time to develop transition phrases and it helps to keep your essay in order and well organized.
There are some students who don't bother to spend time on developing an outline for essays and start writing right away. Here are few benefits of writing an outline for your essays. The most important benefit is that an outline helps you organize your thoughts and develop the essay from it, rather than start writing out of the blue. Once you develop an outline for your essay, you will be able to identify gaps in your research and supporting points and you get enough time to fix them. By developing a strong outline you are actually taking the stress away because you know what you are doing when sit to write the essay. It would always be beneficial to present your outline to professors so that they can make sure you are in the right track and can suggest you changes which would make your essays outstanding.
Often students find it difficult to start the outline writing process. You can start by gathering all the information you have collected on the essay through your research and sort the information you find beneficial. Next step could be a working thesis statement and selecting points that support it. Make sure you have covered all the major parts of the essay in your outline as introduction, body and conclusion before you actually start writing the essay.
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Homeschool Education - Is it a Radical Or Right Choice?

Is it really a radical choice for parents to decide to homeschool? Or should we applaud these parents for making the right choice about their children's education?
Some parents nowadays are thinking-out-of-the-box to make sure that their children don't have only the best education but possess also the right values, principles and attitude toward life. There is an apparent increase in the number of homeschooled students. According to U.S. Department of Education, there are approximately 1,096,000 students who were educated at home in spring of 2003. It is a big leap (approximately 29% increase) compared to spring of 1999 which has only an estimated 850,000 homeschoolers.
Let us delve as to why more parents are now taking the radical choice of opting for homeschool education for their children.
Away from school bullying. This is one of the primary reasons cited by parents who homeschooled their children. School bullying is very prevalent nowadays. The National Youth Violence Prevention stated that there are over 5.7 million youth who are bullied at school. It is about 30% of total youth population in the United States.
It is a disturbing situation with a negative impact to children being bullied at school. Bullied students live a stressful life as they become fearful with possible bullying incidents again. They are scared to be alone like being in the bathroom or in the hallway. Victims will have less interest in attending school also and even the task of riding a bus becomes a terrifying activity.
This results in depression, low self-esteem, physical illness, loneliness and in worst cases, suicidal thoughts.
Most bullied children also find it difficult to learn at school as they struggle coping with their fear and anxiety. They can hardly focus in the classroom.
Other Safety Concerns. Homeschooler parents are worried about the safety of their children in the traditional school. Safety concerns include drugs, negative peer pressure and accidents. Some isolated cases include children being gunned down or murdered at school. Children's safety at school is unpredictably at stake.
Some homeschooler parents perceived that homeschooled children are safer compared to children attending a regular school.
Quality Learning. Parents are the primary teacher and models of the children. A ratio of one teacher to two or three students makes a huge difference in the quality of education delivered to a teacher handling 30 to 40 children in a regular classroom.
Also, the fact that it is their children, education is more personalized and the result is far better. Schedules for homeschool are flexible also so children are not forced to wake up early to catch the school bus and options for what the children want to learn for the day are possible.
Better Person. Parents always want to instill good values to their children. It is one of their intention and hope that their children become a better person but when children attend a regular school, parents can no longer control the other factors such friends, schoolmates and school environment. These are external factors that can influence the children either positively or negatively.
Oftentimes children acquire attitudes from their friends at school. Children are vulnerable to adapting certain manners or attitudes which are relative to the kind of friends or clique they mingle and hang out with. On some occasions, they are negatively influence because of peer pressure. For the child to be part of the group or to be labeled 'cool' at school, sometimes they do things out of their way.
Parents of homeschoolers prefer to train and raise their children the way they would have wanted them to be. They believe that they are more effective in instilling moral and religious values.
24/7. This is the best advantage of homeschool. Parents are with their children 24 hours a day 7 days a week.
Experience parents always encourage new parents to spend as much time as they can with their children especially in their growing years. This is the stage where children are still dependent to their parents. Once they reach puberty, they now prefer to spend time with their peers and once they reach adulthood, they will spend more time with colleagues, friends and at work.
Strong bond. As parents and children spend more time together than the average parents whose children are attending a regular school, the opportunity to develop profound bond and strengthened relationship is inevitable.
Homeschool reinforces the value of family.
Flexibility. There are parents who are always mobile because of work related issue. Some parents find homeschool very convenient because it allows them to travel without much constraint. Travelling can be planned anytime as there are no worries of missing the classes or interrupting school activities.
It indeed gives more flexibility to parents and children to travel.
Without doubt, homeschool education offers many benefits to your children and to you as parents though critics always question the socialization life of the homeschool children. Are they really being deprived of their socialization skills?
Homeschool curriculum nowadays have supplement activities like pottery classes, museum visits, karate classes and so on. There are many institutions also that offer and organize different activities for homeschool children. If you can just do a little research and get connected with the right network or community of homeschoolers, you will be amazed with the available socialization opportunities for homeschool children.
Socialization is not limited at school only. There are so many venues that children can develop their socialization skills.
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The Origins of E-Commerce

What is the Internet?
In order to provide a discussion on the Internet it is essential to provide a short description on what the Internet actually is.
Put in the most basic of terms the Internet can be described of as a massive collection of computers that are sited around the world and that are connected together in order to create a huge network that allows information to be collated and shared by millions of people.
Origins of the Internet
This article is largely built around e-commerce and the way in which technology is transforming the world of retail. The question is therefore raised as to what has made e-commerce the way we know it today? In order to answer this question it is a necessity to discuss the origins of the Internet.
In 1969 the U.S. government undertook an experiment today known to people all around the world as the 'Internet'. The purpose of this experiment was to create a way of preserving communications in the event of a nuclear war. Through the collaboration of ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) and some academic institutions involved in joint research on defence technologies via interconnected networks ARPANET the earliest version of the Internet was created.
As time passed the popularity of the Internet grew and what was originally a network of a small handful of computers in the United States was now a growing phenomenon amongst educational establishments and enterprising entrepreneurs who were beginning to see the potential in selling Internet access into peoples homes.
In the 1980's the UK and Europe realised the potential of the Internet just has the USA previously had. In 1980, NSF (National Science Foundation), the body which took an active role to support ARPANET created an academic network called CSNET which enabled the computer science departments of some universities to be connected.
At the start CSNET used a backbone, which was supported by NSF, but in the early 1990's, it established the Internet with TCP/IP with the support of the country's major networking companies.
Even though the Internet clearly existed since the 1980's it was not until the early 1990's that the corporate world were able to make use of it instead of just the academic community and government sponsored organisations. This limited use was due to the 'user unfriendly' nature of the system, which led to the need for an interface to be designed to make the Internet easier to use. This interface is what is now known as the WWW (world wide web).
The World Wide Web (WWW)
In 1993 a researcher called Tim Berners-Lee with the aim of making the Internet a user-friendly environment introduced the WWW. Designers had the task of designing and formatting web pages with the use of HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol) and HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language) to link documents together electronically. This new technology enabled a world wide web of information to be provided.
However real usability came shortly after the introduction of the WWW when in 1993 a team led by Marc Anderson at the University of Illinois developed a browser called
Mosaic which was a graphical user interface for the Internet to facilitate point and click navigation, more commonly referred to as browsing.
N.Bandyo-padhyay cites Reid (1997) who states that by July 1996, 150,000 server computers were 'web-enabled'. In 1994, the same team developed Netscape, which is today the most commonly used browser. Netscape was equipped with a search engine to type keywords into and was created using advanced HTTP.
Being able to perform keyword searches was a huge factor in the increased popularity of the Internet. Other browsers such as Internet Explorer by Microsoft soon followed and shortly after that several websites dedicated to producing keyword searches such as Yahoo and Lycos appeared. These are today known more popularly as search engines.
The WWW also contributed to providing increased levels of security on the Internet by encrypting the messages that moved between servers. Security on the Internet is today a huge cause of debate.
The Internet Revolution
The increased popularity of the Internet brought about the realisation that almost unlimited amounts of information on any topic would be made available and at little cost and improved convenience. In fact the Internet brought about endless opportunities to exploit enhanced communication techniques in a variety of ways.
It was made possible for people to communicate with family and relatives who lived on the other side of the world without having to pay extortionate telephone bills. Universities were able to educate international students situated in their home countries and businesses were able to use dispersed employees working on the same project through the use of groupware (software designed for a team of workers to share documents and files electronically and work on them interactively) running on the Internet.
Technology as always meant considerable changes such as when the Personal Computer (PC) altered the way that businesses now conduct their affairs.
The Internet and the WWW created the Internet revolution by causing changes in the way that organisations conduct their business. Dave Chaffey cites Andy Grove (1996), Chairman of Intel and one of the early adopters of e-commerce, who provides the following analogy of the Internet. He says:
"Is the Internet a typhoon force, a ten times force, or is it a bit of wind? Or is it a force that fundamentally alters our business?".
It seems as though this statement seems to sum up what everybody in this day and age would like to know. It is partly due to this 'Internet enigma' that this article has been compiled.
In a highly competitive market companies have had to review their strategies in order to attract customers. The capabilities of the Internet through the world wide web has meant that the role between business and customer has changed whereby the customer is now able to demand better service and has quick and easy access to information and goods.
This has meant that businesses can know longer rely on old practises and must continue to evolve in order to meet ever changing customer demands.
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